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As is the case with other ethnic groups, the Betawi
group is well integrated in the life of the city. In certain areas
their cultural expressions in tradition and art forms are more distinct.
In fact since the early 1970's the Betawi cultural art forms have
been given much attention by the Government and with the rise of
the tourism industry these art forms are experiencing a new impetus
to flourish.
As the nation's capital, Jakarta is able to show
all the various art forms of all the regions and ethnic groups in
the archipelago. And to realize this idea in line with the motto
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika ( Unity in Diversity ), the regional government
feels obliged to develop all traditional art forms as equitably
as possible with the local Betawi art forms as host hesding the
rest.
To see for themselves what and now those Betawi
art forms are, you can go to any travel agent and ask for tour to
a " Betawi Cultural Institution " to catch a glipse of
the " real thing ". Or you can visit the Jakarta pavillion
at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah ( Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature
Park ) which has long been showing Betawi ceremonies such as the
Betawi wedding ceremony, the circumcision procession, the baby head
- shaving ceremony etc. As mentioned before, the Betawi group emerged
in the 19th century from the melting pot of races, ethnic groups
and cultures. Today the Betawi culture has a distinct personality
of its own, but one can discern the various influences of other
cultures by looking or listening to its art form.
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The Tanjidor orchestra is certainly inharited
from Dutch land - owners and the Gambang Kromong and Cokek
dance originated in the residence of wealthy Chinese traders
and merchants. The Betawi Cokek dance shows Balinese influence
in the movement of the dancers and the style of playing the
gamelan. This style of playing the gamelan can also be observed
in the gamelan orchestra accompanying the Wayang Kulit Betawi
show. The Portuguese speaking community has also left its
inheritance, the Kroncong Tugu with its popular songs Nina
Bobo, Kaparinyo and Kroncong moritsko is said to be the origin
of the popular Kroncong orchestra of to-day.
The javanese presence since the 17th century
has left its mark too on the Betawi music, dance and theatre,
Wayang Kulit Betawi and Lenong are examples of this influence.
A major influence on the Betawi culture is Islam, the religion
of the majority of the people. The Rebana orchestra, the Gambus
orchestra, the Zapin or Japin dance are Islam inspired art
forms.
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| As is the case with
other groups, the Betawi group has its specific dress
for man and woman. Here are the specification : |
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| Man's Costume : |
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A thight - length coat with normal
trousers, |
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Slip - on shoes |
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Traditional Betawi headgear |
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A special belt, called lokcan |
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A dagger slipped in the belt |
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A watch chain with a tiger claw attached |
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| Woman's dress : |
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A long Kebaya with buttened cuffs |
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A sarong with the lasem motif |
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A sarong with the lasem motif |
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Pointed sandals with low heels |
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A hair - piece of the cepol type |
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A hair - piece of the cepol type |
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A veil matching the kebaya |
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A heavy gold or silver belt |
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A three - teir brooch to fasten the
kebaya |
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